5. Amino Acids and others

Alanine is an odorless white crystalline powder. It has distinctive sweetness. It dissolves readily in water, and slightly in ethanol. It belongs to the L-category and is a natural product.

Glycine is an odorless white crystalline powder, with density of 1.1607. It is sweet. It dissolves readily in water. It is often used along with sacharrins to inhibit the bitterness.

Cysteine is  used as dough conditioner to strength the texture of wheat flour. It is also used along with xylose in flavor industry.

Taurine, is white crystal or needle crystalline powder. Taste slightly acid. It has pK₁ 1.5 and pK₂ 8.74. Solubility in water at 12 ^oC is 6%. It is insoluble in ethanol. It is conditionally essential nutrient, important during mammalian development. Also used as seasoning agent. Taurine is a seasoning agent that naturally occurs in fish.

It is as essential amino acid for pets (dog and cats), therefore, is incorporated in the pet foods.

Research in more recent years suggests that faulty taurine in metabolism may be associated with certain kinds of epileptic seizures. Taurine also ameliorate the symptoms of epilepsy, and bipolar disorder, ref.: Neuroactive amino acids in focally epileptic human brain: a review. 

Caffeine Anhydrous

This substance is generally recognized as safe when used in cola type beverages in accordance with good manufacturing practice. Tolerance is 0.02 %. The actual functionality in soft drinks is that of a flavor modifier and enhancer.

 Sodium Erythorbate

White odorless crystal powder. Soluble in water. Used as preservative and antioxidant.